生(sheng)產模式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)因素在(zai)于由(you)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)要素組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體系(xi)(xi),各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)整(zheng)體利用(yong)集(ji)(ji)群等組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)要素集(ji)(ji)聚特(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng),逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)開展主(zhu)體之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)互動(dong)(dong),系(xi)(xi)統(tong)地擴大其創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)效(xiao)應。(孫(sun)曉華,原毅軍(jun),2007年)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時,改進(jin)(jin)(jin)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中符合(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)動(dong)(dong)力(li)學(xue)(xue)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要素,主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)運(yun)行與(yu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)動(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。對(dui)(dui)于知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)集(ji)(ji)型(xing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye),其創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)本身(shen)是(shi)(shi)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)網(wang)絡組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)(nei)嵌入式(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(現有(you)(you)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong))重組(zu)(zu)(zu)轉(zhuan)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),學(xue)(xue)者稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)結構(gou),即(ji)連續(xu)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)行動(dong)(dong)主(zhu)體組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)序組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合(he)(he)特(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng),如按照一(yi)定標準體系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)行動(dong)(dong)實踐。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時,知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)集(ji)(ji)型(xing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)本身(shen)也有(you)(you)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)性自(zi)我否(fou)定內(nei)(nei)部(bu)機制,即(ji)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)主(zhu)體之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)網(wang)絡組(zu)(zu)(zu)合(he)(he),逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)形(xing)成(cheng)整(zheng)個(ge)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)集(ji)(ji)型(xing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)機制。(Fritsch,Kauffeld-Monz,2009)[8]。對(dui)(dui)于整(zheng)個(ge)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)體系(xi)(xi),KIBS無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)熊彼特(te)(te),都可以通(tong)過(guo)(guo)具有(you)(you)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)協(xie)調特(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持(chi)續(xu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)行為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決策,從而實現包括整(zheng)個(ge)網(wang)絡組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)改進(jin)(jin)(jin),無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)熊彼特(te)(te)(Schumpeter),還是(shi)(shi)弗里曼(Freeman)(1997)都指(zhi)出,協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)未來創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要模式(shi)。這種(zhong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)任何創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)主(zhu)體與(yu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)行為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邏輯(ji)聯系(xi)(xi)。因此,系(xi)(xi)統(tong)動(dong)(dong)力(li)學(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點對(dui)(dui)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)集(ji)(ji)型(xing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)對(dui)(dui)接服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)具有(you)(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參考意義。一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面,KIBS一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面,更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)集(ji)(ji)型(xing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)門通(tong)過(guo)(guo)自(zi)身(shen)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)嵌入實現有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聯系(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)加密(mi)。一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面,更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)集(ji)(ji)型(xing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)門以更有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)達各(ge)(ge)行業(ye)主(zhu)體之(zhi)間(jian)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)特(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要素。主(zhu)體之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)差(cha)(cha)異(yi)(yi)不(bu)僅關(guan)(guan)注外(wai)部(bu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異(yi)(yi)質(zhi)性,而且關(guan)(guan)注創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)體系(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)異(yi)(yi),利用(yong)差(cha)(cha)異(yi)(yi)尋求創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)合(he)(he)作(zuo)和(he)(he)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會,是(shi)(shi)獲得(de)當(dang)地創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)收入增長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可行途徑(Doz,Santos,Williamson,2001)[9]。在(zai)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中,圍繞(rao)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)持(chi)有(you)(you)和(he)(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)播、學(xue)(xue)習和(he)(he)計劃學(xue)(xue)習等不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)形(xing)式(shi)。不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)形(xing)式(shi)對(dui)(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體在(zai)現有(you)(you)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)水平(ping)和(he)(he)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管理效(xiao)率上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)異(yi)(yi),傳(chuan)(chuan)達了(le)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響差(cha)(cha)異(yi)(yi)(張林,2008)[10]。根據不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點,知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)集(ji)(ji)型(xing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)應進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)加強組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)協(xie)調創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),其本質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)協(xie)調的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)資源依賴于進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)協(xie)調,知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)自(zi)我否(fou)定和(he)(he)剝離,實現高效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)吸收,即(ji)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)集(ji)(ji)型(xing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)(he)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu),知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要素直接投入影(ying)(ying)響;另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面,知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持(chi)續(xu)精益應用(yong)改進(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)整(zheng)個(ge)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),促進(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)集(ji)(ji)型(xing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)部(bu)分要素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)優(you)化。
第五節 知(zhi)識(shi)密集型服務業知(zhi)識(shi)轉移及影(ying)響(xiang)因素(su)分析
1.變量和假(jia)設
本研究(jiu)一般參考Nonaka(1994)[1]、Hansen(1999)[2]等(deng)人(ren)組織理(li)論(lun)研究(jiu),并進行綜合(he)研究(jiu)Argote和Ingram(2000)[3]GadmanCooper(2005)[4]在創新知識轉移相關(guan)研究(jiu)的基(ji)礎上,設置(zhi)本章研究(jiu)的基(ji)本模型及相關(guan)變量如下(xia)(見圖3-1):
圖片3-1創新(xin)知(zhi)識轉移(yi)創新(xin)知(zhi)識轉移(yi)
1.被解釋變量
知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)轉移(yi)(yi)本(ben)質上(shang)是(shi)圍繞(rao)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)創新(xin)(xin)驅動的(de)(de)生(sheng)產模式的(de)(de)要素組(zu)合(he)模式的(de)(de)轉移(yi)(yi),是(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)從一個(ge)主體(ti)(ti)轉移(yi)(yi)到另(ling)一個(ge)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)過(guo)程,并根據不同的(de)(de)要素組(zu)合(he)模式進行進一步嵌入式調整的(de)(de)過(guo)程。知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)轉移(yi)(yi)來自創新(xin)(xin)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)一方(fang),從另(ling)一方(fang)獲(huo)取知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)并用(yong)(yong)于(yu)創新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)產。鑒于(yu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)本(ben)身的(de)(de)復雜性,很難識(shi)別(bie)和(he)衡量知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)轉移(yi)(yi)。因此,本(ben)章(zhang)將(jiang)從中學(xue)習Kogut和(he)zander(1995)[5]、Simonin(1999)[6]Argote和(he)Ingram(2000)實踐成功地(di)將(jiang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)密集型服務業的(de)(de)創新(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)轉移(yi)(yi)設(she)置為接受方(fang)對創新(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)的(de)(de)理解和(he)轉化后獲(huo)取知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi),實現知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)在主體(ti)(ti)內的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong),完(wan)全擁有并可用(yong)(yong)于(yu)創新(xin)(xin)合(he)作(zuo)或交易。
2.解釋(shi)變量
從知(zhi)(zhi)識轉(zhuan)移的(de)知(zhi)(zhi)識特征、轉(zhuan)移環境等方(fang)面考慮知(zhi)(zhi)識密集型服務業知(zhi)(zhi)識生產要(yao)素的(de)轉(zhuan)移效(xiao)應。
知識(shi)(shi)要素的(de)復(fu)雜性(xing)主(zhu)要是指知識(shi)(shi)要素作為一(yi)種新(xin)的(de)生產(chan)競爭要素,在(zai)行業(ye)和創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)實施自主(zhu)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)的(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),共同組(zu)織整合的(de)復(fu)雜性(xing),這種復(fu)雜性(xing)不僅體(ti)現在(zai)不同組(zu)織結構(gou)的(de)傳遞緩慢(man),而(er)且(qie)使不同主(zhu)體(ti)之間的(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)活動在(zai)實施信息、知識(shi)(shi)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)參考中(zhong),受到創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)的(de)阻礙(Halilem,Norrin,2010)。其中(zhong),創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)隱性(xing)知識(shi)(shi)在(zai)很大程(cheng)(cheng)度上構(gou)成了知識(shi)(shi)生產(chan)要素對整個知識(shi)(shi)密集(ji)型(xing)服(fu)務業(ye)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)復(fu)雜性(xing)(Cottins,2013)。因此,對于整個知識(shi)(shi)密集(ji)型(xing)服(fu)務業(ye)的(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin),知識(shi)(shi)要素的(de)轉移能否(fou)完全有效地(di)形成?
近(jin)年來 \u0006\u0005\u0006 \u0006\u0005\u0006,隨(sui)著商(shang)(shang)家競(jing)爭的(de)(de)日益激烈\b\u0005 ,市場趨于飽和 \b\u0005 ,線下(xia)實(shi)體商(shang)(shang)家線上(shang)電商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)競(jing)爭也(ye)白熱化了 \u0006\u0005\u0006 \u0006\u0005\u0006,房價飆(biao)升 \b\u0005 商(shang)(shang)店租金也(ye)在上(shang)漲。\b,拓客引流(liu)的(de)(de)營銷(xiao)活動已成為(wei)線下(xia)實(shi)體店的(de)(de)剛性需求 \u0006\u0005\u0006 \u0006\u0005\u0006,無論是傳統(tong)的(de)(de)衣食住行 \b\u0005 或者休閑娛樂對高質量(liang) \b\u0005 ,低(di)(di)成本的(de)(de)促(cu)銷(xiao)禮(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)已經是剛需的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin) \b\u0005 自購禮(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)價格高 \b\u0005 ,質量(liang)不穩定(ding) \b\u0005 ,把握庫存 \u0006\u0005\u0006 \u0006\u0005\u0006,禮(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)同質化是一個非常(chang)嚴重的(de)(de)問(wen)題 \b\u0005 ,對消費者缺乏足夠的(de)(de)吸引力 \b\u0005 。唐語禮(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)兌換卡 。\b\u0005 ,集成上(shang)千種(zhong)禮(li)(li)品(pin)(pin) \b\u0005 ,價格低(di)(di) \b\u0005 ,質量(liang)好\b,選擇廣 \b\u0005 ,利潤多 \u0006\u0005\u0006 \u0006\u0005\u0006,近(jin)年來,它已成為(wei)商(shang)(shang)業活動推廣的(de)(de)新寵 \b\u0005 。
低調專(zhuan)注于技術實力\b,專(zhuan)注于研發帶來消費者的(de)絕佳體(ti)驗
2016年,唐語(yu)科技(ji)(ji)總(zong)(zong)部(bu)誕生于上海徐匯區移動互(hu)聯網產業促(cu)進中心(xin)\b\u0005 公(gong)司(si)位于草河(he)涇新興技(ji)(ji)術 開發區科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)業中心(xin) \b\u0005 CEO亞(ya)洲最大的設計(ji)公(gong)司(si)徐立恒NOVA DESIGN顧問、品(pin)牌戰略和產品(pin)視(shi)覺創(chuang)新者mdash;mdash;大勢(shi)創(chuang)意(yi)設計(ji)(上海)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)聯合創(chuang)始(shi)人CEO曹杰、高誠(cheng)創(chuang)意(yi) 科技(ji)(ji)集團規劃總(zong)(zong)監杜云峰(feng)TIPON中國(guo)區營(ying)銷總(zong)(zong)監劉杰整合自身固有(you)優勢(shi)資(zi)源(yuan) \b,共同出資(zi)在上海創(chuang)立 \b\u0005 。唐語(yu)經過兩年的持(chi)續(xu)技(ji)(ji)術投資(zi), \b, 唐語(yu)智能運營(ying)管理云平臺軟件(jian)、唐語(yu)營(ying)銷管理APP、國(guo)家(jia)知識(shi)產權局保護的唐語(yu)項目后臺管理系統獨家(jia) 技(ji)(ji)術專(zhuan)利(li) \b\u0005 ,通過線(xian)(xian)下實體(ti)商(shang)家(jia)和線(xian)(xian)上門店資(zi)源(yuan)相互(hu)引流的移動互(hu)聯網O2O全(quan)套軟件(jian)應(ying)用系統 \b\u0005 。
唐語科技(ji)
幫助商家走(zou)出同質化的陰霾 \u0006\u0005\u0006 \u0006\u0005\u0006,做有(you)風格的實力派
目前(qian),盡管(guan)我國實(shi)體(ti)商(shang)(shang)家(jia)發展迅(xun)速\b\u0005 然而(er),在(zai)運營(ying)(ying)中仍(reng)(reng)存(cun)在(zai)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)問題\u0006\u0005\u0006 \u0006\u0005\u0006,就目前(qian)的(de)(de)市場而(er)言(yan), \u0006\u0005\u0006 \u0006\u0005\u0006,80%的(de)(de)實(shi)體(ti)商(shang)(shang)家(jia)基本(ben)上入不敷(fu)出 \b\u0005 ,或者(zhe)只能維(wei)持(chi)商(shang)(shang)店的(de)(de)狀態 \b\u0005 ,只有20%的(de)(de)實(shi)體(ti)商(shang)(shang)家(jia)能夠在(zai)運營(ying)(ying)中獲利\b,而(er)且(qie)實(shi)體(ti)商(shang)(shang)家(jia)的(de)(de)行業門檻低\b,大多(duo)(duo)數(shu)企業仍(reng)(reng)處于(yu)蜘(zhi)蛛守網的(de)(de)銷(xiao)售(shou)模式(shi) \b\u0005 ,缺乏必要的(de)(de)銷(xiao)售(shou)手段和(he)營(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)策略 \b\u0005 同質化(hua)越(yue)來越(yue)嚴重\u0006\u0005\u0006 \u0006\u0005\u0006。
唐語科技(ji)
即(ji)使是(shi)在(zai)這樣的(de)市場環境(jing)下 \b,唐(tang)語科(ke)技始(shi)終堅持(chi)誠信合(he)作(zuo) \u0006\u0005\u0006 \u0006\u0005\u0006,合(he)作(zuo)共贏 \b\u0005 ,健康可持(chi)續發(fa)展的(de)主導方針(zhen) \b\u0005 以(yi)賦能中小(xiao)實(shi)體商(shang)戶群(qun)客戶為使命 \b,移(yi)動互聯網在(zai)線資源優勢 通過唐(tang)語智能運營管理云平(ping)臺鏈(lian)接\b\u0005 ,提高了(le)商(shang)家店鋪客流量和回頭(tou)率 \b,增加銷售和營業(ye)利潤(run)的(de)責(ze)任 \b\u0005 授權中小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)群(qun) \b\u0005 。
開啟創(chuang)意營銷(xiao)時代 \b\u0005 引領(ling)中小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)持續盈利和健康(kang)發展
今天 \b,研發是(shi)核心 \b\u0005 創(chuang)意是(shi)營(ying)銷的(de)(de)趨勢 \b\u0005 ,隨著物聯網、云計算、大數據等(deng)新一(yi)代高新技術的(de)(de)加速(su)發展(zhan)(zhan)\b,實(shi)體營(ying)銷方(fang)式發展(zhan)(zhan)迅速(su) \b。越來(lai)越多(duo)的(de)(de)實(shi)體商家開始使用各種營(ying)銷手(shou)段(duan) \b\u0005 ,唐語科技一(yi)直(zhi) \b\u0005 ,引領實(shi)體營(ying)銷發展(zhan)(zhan) \b, 一(yi)直(zhi)是(shi)同行業的(de)(de)領先品牌 \b\u0005 。
唐語科(ke)技
唐語(yu)兌換卡是唐語(yu)科技的新旗(qi)艦產品(pin)(pin) \b\u0005 廣泛適用(yong)于整(zheng)個行業 \b,全(quan)商品(pin)(pin)屬(shu)性 \b\u0005 ,性價比超(chao)高, \b,尖(jian)端廣告設計 \b\u0005 ,以及給商家帶來的多渠道高收(shou)入,成功俘獲(huo)了(le)各大品(pin)(pin)牌的青睞 \b\u0005 已簽(qian)署東阿阿膠 \b,福牌阿膠 \b\u0005 ,優信(xin)二手車 \b\u0005 ,廣汽三菱 \b\u0005 ,維維豆(dou)奶(nai) \b\u0005 ,中(zhong)國(guo)人壽等(deng)知名品(pin)(pin)牌\b。
唐語科技(ji)是一家(jia)重(zhong)新研發(fa)的公司\b\u0005 ,重(zhong)品牌(pai) \b\u0005 ,重(zhong)客(ke)戶企(qi)業(ye) \b\u0005 ,具有良好社會信(xin)譽和(he)市場聲譽的企(qi)業(ye) \b\u0005 作為原型應(ying)用(yong)軟件技(ji)術(shu)開發(fa)提供商 \b,為合作商家(jia)及其消費者(zhe)搭建專屬的移動(dong)互聯(lian)網(wang) 網(wang)廣(guang)告渠道 \b\u0005 ,大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低了(le)(le)日常促銷(xiao)成本 \b\u0005 ,實現(xian)了(le)(le)真正意義上的客(ke)戶精準廣(guang)告目(mu)標 \b\u0005 ,創造了(le)(le)國內新的 立體(ti)商業(ye)格局(ju) \b\u0005 。這就是唐語科技(ji)的使命 \b。
\b\u0005 \b \b\u0005 \b\u0005
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